Shoulder

• Shoulder Anatomy

  The shoulder is the most flexible joint in the body enabling a wide range of movements including, forward flexion, abduction, adduction, external rotation, internal rotation, and 360-degree circumduction.

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Conditions

• Shoulder Impingement

  Shoulder impingement is the inflammation of the tendons of the shoulder joint. It is one of the most common causes of pain in the shoulder. Shoulder impingement is also called swimmer’s shoulder, tennis shoulder or rotator cuff tendinitis. 

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• Arthritis of the Shoulder

  The term arthritis literally means inflammation of a joint but is generally used to describe any condition in which there is damage to the cartilage.

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• Rotator Cuff Tear

  The rotator cuff is a group of tendons in the shoulder joint providing support and enabling a wide range of motion.

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• Shoulder Dislocation

  Playing more overhead sports and repeated use of the shoulder at the workplace may lead to sliding of the upper arm bone, the ball portion, from the glenoid–the socket portion of the shoulder.

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• Frozen Shoulder

  Frozen shoulder, also called adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterized by pain and loss of motion in the shoulder joint. It is more common in older adults aged between 40 and 60 years and is more common in women than men.

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• Shoulder Instability

  Shoulder instability is a chronic condition that causes frequent dislocations of the shoulder joint.

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• Shoulder Fracture

  A break in a bone that makes up the shoulder joint is called a shoulder fracture.

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• Biceps Tendon Rupture

  The biceps tendon is a tough band of connective fibrous tissue that attaches your biceps muscle to the bones in your shoulder on one side and the elbow on the other side.

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Procedures

• Shoulder Arthroscopy

  Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive diagnostic and surgical procedure performed for joint problems.

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• Total Shoulder Replacement

  The shoulder is a highly movable body joint that allows various movements of the arm.

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• Reverse Shoulder Replacement

  Reverse total shoulder replacement, is an advanced surgical technique specifically designed for rotator cuff tear arthropathy, a condition where the patient suffers from both shoulder arthritis and a rotator cuff tear.

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• Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty

  Shoulder hemiarthroplasty, also called partial shoulder replacement, is a surgical procedure during which the upper bone in the arm (humerus) is replaced with a prosthetic metal implant, whereas the other half of the shoulder joint (glenoid or socket) is left intact.

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• Rotator Cuff Repair

  The rotator cuff is a group of tendons in the shoulder that provide support and enable a wide range of motion of the shoulder joint. Major injuries can cause rotator cuff tears. A rotator cuff tear is one of the most common causes of shoulder pain in middle-aged adults and older individuals.

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• Shoulder Stabilization

  Shoulder instability is a chronic condition that causes frequent dislocations of the shoulder joint.

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• Exercises for Shoulder Impingement Syndrome

  Shoulder impingement syndrome is a common condition seen in athletes and individuals who perform a lot of overhead arm movements. This activity results in irritation of the rotator cuff tendon as it repeatedly rubs against the acromion, which is the bony process of the shoulder blade. 

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• Pectoralis Major Tears/Repairs

  The pectoralis muscle is a large fan-shaped muscle comprised of the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor muscles that stretch from the armpit to the collarbone and down across the lower chest region on both sides of the chest. The two sides of the chest connect at the breastbone or sternum.

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